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Emile Zola (1840-1902) was an influential French novelist, the most important example of the literary school of naturalism, and a major figure in the political liberalization of France. More than half of his novels were part of a set of 20 collectively known as Les Rougon-Macquart. Set in France's Second Empire, the series traces the 'hereditary' influence of violence, alcoholism, and prostitution in two branches of a single the respectable (that is, legitimate) Rougons and the disreputable (illegitimate) Macquarts, for five generations. His works include Therese Raquin (1867), Germinal (1885), Abbé Mouret's Transgression (1886), The Three Cities, Part I (1894), The Three Cities, Part II (1896), The Three Cities, Part III (1898), Fruitfulness (1900), and A Love Episode (1905).